American

This work—which at first glance seems to refer to Indigenous Americans—was sponsored by the Know-Nothings, a semi-secret political party active in the mid-1800s. Racist, anti-immigrant, and anti-Catholic, the Know-Nothings were U.S.-born Protestants who proposed a 21-year residency requirement for citizenship and preventive measures against “foreigners” holding public office. The party ended soon after its founding, as members became divided on the issue of slavery.

George Washington is printed here in tribute to 18th-century American Whigs who fought for independence from Britain. Know-Nothings similarly believed they were patriotic in their 19th-century fight to protect the U.S. from outsiders. More than 160 years later, this administration continues the promotion of xenophobia and exclusivity.